How Urbanization Drives Socio-Spatial Conflicts in Coastal Land Reclamation?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2024.v8n2-1

Keywords:

Coastal Land Reclamation, Community Engagement, Indonesia, Metro-megapolitan Cities, Spatial Conflict

Abstract

In many cities, coastal land reclamation (CLR) is viewed as essential due to the impacts of urbanisation and to address the challenges of land scarcity. However, these approaches often involve complex environmental concerns, technological challenges, and community conflict. This study aims to explore socio-spatial conflicts that occur across different levels of cities in Indonesia, considering their unique characteristics and differences in geography, population (homogeneous, mesogeneous, and heterogeneous), and city status (megapolitan and metropolitan). This research focuses on three cities in Indonesia that have proposed CLR solutions to urbanisation: Jakarta, Makassar, and Denpasar. Data were gathered through observations and a desktop literature review. These data were then qualitatively analyzed using the directed content analysis method with ATLAS.Ti software. The study underscores that political interests significantly influence discussions on land reclamation in heterogeneous cities. In contrast, mesogeneous cities are driven by economic and legal factors, while traditional customs and practices dominate homogeneous areas. Comprehending the issues surrounding reclamation will inform the priorities of government policies based on the area's context.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abidin, H. Z., Andreas, H., Gumilar, I., Fukuda, Y., Pohan, Y. E., & Deguchi, T. (2011). Land subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and its relation with urban development. Natural Hazards, 59(3), 1753–1771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9866-9

Abidin, H. Z., Andreas, H., Gumilar, I., & Wibowo, I. R. R. (2015). On correlation between urban development, land subsidence and flooding phenomena in Jakarta. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, 370, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-370-15-2015

Abustan, M. S. H., Razi, M. A. M., Gheethi, A. A., Mahmud, M., Maarrof, M., Yusop, Y. M., & Iberahim, N. (2023). Legal and institutional assessment at Kedah’s Shoreline, Malaysia: A study report. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1205(1), 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1205/1/012022

Adharani, Y., Nurlinda, I., Nadia, A., Yusuf, S. Z., & Sarah A, S. (2019). Jakarta Bay Reclamation: The Challenge Between Policy, Environmental and Social Impacts. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 306(1), 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/306/1/012025

Anggraini, R. (n.d.). The Effectiveness of Political Law on the Development of Coastal Reclamation in Indonesia. 358.

Ardhana, I. P. G., & Farhaeni, M. (2017). The study of the impact for social culture toward the planning of reclamation for Benoa Bay in Bali. AIP Conference Proceedings. 040001. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4983437

Arifin, T., Nur Amri, S., Rahmania, R., Yulius, Ramdhan, M., Chandra, H., Adrianto, L., Geoffrey Bengen, D., Kurniawan, F., & Kurnia, R. (2023). Forecasting land-use changes due to coastal city development on the peri-urban area in Makassar City, Indonesia. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 26(1), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2023.02.002

Azwar, S. A., Suganda, E., Tjiptoherijanto, P., & Rahmayanti, H. (2013). Model of Sustainable Urban Infrastructure at Coastal Reclamation of North Jakarta. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 17, 452–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2013.02.059

Baba, E. C., Aktaş, C., Balioğlu, C., & Kaba, T. (2023). Fear and Architecture: Learning from Mega-Projects and Canal Istanbul as a Case. Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs, 7(1), 19–37. https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2023.v7n1-2

Bhunia, G. S., Chatterjee, U., & Shit, P. K. (2021). Emergence and challenges of land reclamation: Issues and prospect. In Modern Cartography Series (Vol. 10, pp. 1–15). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823895-0.00020-8

Biagini, E. (1993). Spatial dimensions of conflict. GeoJournal, 31(2), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00808684

Bintari, A. (2018). Manajemen Konflik Penyelesaian Kasus Reklamasi Pulau G Pantai Utara Jakarta. CosmoGov, 4(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.24198/cosmogov.v4i1.18212

Catterall, B. (2014). Towards the Great Transformation: (11) Where/what is culture in ‘Planetary Urbanisation’? Towards a new paradigm. City, 18(3), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2014.892773

Chang, T. C., & Huang, S. (2011). Reclaiming the City: Waterfront Development in Singapore. Urban Studies, 48(10), 2085–2100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098010382677

Charles, T. O. K. (2018). Disaster Capitalism? Examining the Politicisation of Land Subsidence Crisis in Pushing Jakarta’s Seawall Megaproject. Water Alternatives, 11(2), 443-461.

Chee, S. Y. (2023). Between the devil and the deep blue sea: Trends, drivers, and impacts of coastal reclamation in Malaysia and way forward. Science of the Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159889

Chen, Y. (1998). Indigenous rights movements, land conflicts, and cultural politics in Taiwan: A case study of Li-Shan (Doctoral dissertation, Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College). LSU Digital Commons. https://doi.org/10.31390/gradschool_disstheses.6815

Cipriani, L. (2022). Land of sand: Reclaiming the sea, landscapes and lives in Malacca, Malaysia. City, 26(5–6), 888–910. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2022.2126168

Colven, E. (2023). A political ecology of speculative urbanism: The role of financial and environmental speculation in Jakarta’s water crisis. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 55(2), 490–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221110883

Dong, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, L., Gu, Y., & Sutrisno, D. (2023). Intensive land-use is associated with development status in port cities of Southeast Asia. Environmental Research Letters, 18(4), 044006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acc2d2

Elden, S. (2010). Land, terrain, territory. Progress in Human Geography, 34(6), 799–817. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132510362603

Faiqotul Mutia, E., Herdiansyah, H., & Haryanto, J. T. (2019). Conflict of Jakarta Bay Reclamation: Government Knowledge and Respond. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1363(1), 012099. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1363/1/012099

Firth, L. B., Airoldi, L., Bulleri, F., Challinor, S., Chee, S., Evans, A. J., Hanley, M. E., Knights, A. M., O’Shaughnessy, K., Thompson, R. C., & Hawkins, S. J. (2020). Greening of grey infrastructure should not be used as a Trojan horse to facilitate coastal development. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57(9), 1762–1768. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13683

Firth, L. B., Bone, J., Bartholomew, A., Bishop, M. J., Bugnot, A., Bulleri, F., Chee, S.-Y., Claassens, L., Dafforn, K. A., Fairchild, T. P., Hall, A. E., Hanley, M. E., Komyakova, V., Lemasson, A. J., Loke, L. H. L., Mayer-Pinto, M., Morris, R., Naylor, L., Perkins, M. J., … Knights, A. M. (2024). Coastal greening of grey infrastructure: An update on the state-of-the-art. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Maritime Engineering, 1–69. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmaen.2023.003

Gibson, T. (2023). Ritual and revolution: Contesting the state in central Indonesia. Duke University Press.

Gresch, P., & Smith, B. (1985). Managing spatial conflict: The planning system in Switzerland. Progress in Planning, 23, 155–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-9006(85)90007-8

Grydehoj, A. (2015). Making Ground, Losing Space: Land Reclamation and Urban Public Space in Island Cities. Urban Island Studies, 1, 96–117. https://doi.org/10.20958/uis.2015.6

Harsritanto, B. I., Sari, W. E., Jamaluddin, R., Widiastuti, R., & Fika Jamila, R. (2018). Spatial Conflict in Urban Kampong Development A Case Study in Kampong Pendrikan, Semarang. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 213, 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/213/1/012009

Hossain, M. S., Hashim, M., Bujang, J. S., Zakaria, M. H., & Muslim, A. M. (2019). Assessment of the impact of coastal reclamation activities on seagrass meadows in Sungai Pulai estuary, Malaysia, using Landsat data (1994–2017). International Journal of Remote Sensing, 40(9), 3571–3605. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2018.1547931

Kharis, S., Harianto, S. K., Nurrahmani, S. M., Nugrahaeni, T. A., Mukhairiq, M. T., & Alfarisy, M. A. R. (2023). Indonesia Blue Economy Roadmap 2023-2045. Ministry of National Development Planning/National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) of the Republic of Indonesia.

Kitazume, M. (2022). Sustainable land reclamation in coastal area. Revue Française de Géotechnique, 170(2). https://doi.org/10.1051/geotech/2021033

Koh, T., & Lin, J. (2006). The land reclamation case: Thoughts and reflections. Singapore Year Book of International Law, 10, 1-7.

Lang, R., & Knox, P. K. (2009). The New Metropolis: Rethinking Megalopolis. Regional Studies, 43(6), 789–802. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400701654251

Maru, D. U. (n.d.). A Review of Land Reclamation in the Metropolitan Cities of Southeast Asia.

Maulana, F., Muhiddin, A. H., Lanuru, M., Samad, W., & Ukkas, M. (2023). Distribution Of Bottom Sediment Before And After Reclamation At Center Point Of Indonesia (Cpi) Makassar City. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE, 9(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.20956/jiks.v9i1.19929

Moretti, B. (2023). Technical Land-Sea Spaces: Impacts of the Port Clusterization Phenomenon on Coasts, Cities and Architectures. Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs, 7(1), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2023.v7n1-14

Mutia, E. F., & Asteria, D. (2018). Jakarta Bay reclamation policy: An analysis of political ecology. E3S Web of Conferences, 52, 00014. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185200014

Mutia, E., & Herdiansyah, H. (2019). Jakarta Bay Reclamation: Political Interest and Ecological Crisis. Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference of Engineering and Implementation on Vocational Education (ACEIVE 2018), 3rd November 2018, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Conference of Engineering and Implementation on Vocational Education (ACEIVE 2018), 3rd November 2018, North Sumatra, Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.3-11-2018.2285895

Paasi, A. (2009). Bounded spaces in a ‘borderless world’: Border studies, power and the anatomy of territory. Journal of Power, 2(2), 213–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/17540290903064275

Patawari, A. M. Y., Anna, Z., Hindayani, P., Dhahiyat, Y., Hasan, Z., & Putri, I. A. P. (2022). Sustainability status of small-scale fisheries resources in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia after reclamation. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230401

Prana, A. M., Dionisio, R., Curl, A., Hart, D., Gomez, C., Apriyanto, H., & Prasetya, H. (2024). Informal adaptation to flooding in North Jakarta, Indonesia. Progress in Planning, 100851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2024.100851

Ritohardoyno, S., A Akbar, A., Satohardi, J., & S Djohan, T. (2017). Public participation in the utilization and rehabilitation of coastal natural resources (case study of coastal erosion in West Kalimantan). Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 4(2), 739–747. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2017.042.739

Simic, B. (2020). The Spatial Transformation of the River Waterfront through Three Historical Periods: A Case Study of Belgrade. Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs, 4(2), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2020.v4n2-3

Sparke, M., Sidaway, J. D., Bunnell, T., & Grundy‐Warr, C. (2004). Triangulating the borderless world: Geographies of power in the Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29(4), 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-2754.2004.00143.x

Subekti, S., Sulistiyono, S. T., & Adhuri, D. (2020). Adat Movements for Environmental Justice: The Case of Benoa Bay Bali. E3S Web of Conferences, 202, 07035. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020207035

Tans, R. (2021). Coastal reclamation and Balinese identity. Asian Politics & Policy, 13(1), 128–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/aspp.12563

Tarigan, M., & Tirtamulia, T. (2023). Legal Recognition of Coastal Communities in Marine Protected Areas: An Imperative for Indonesia. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2022, 27-28 July 2022, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2022, 27-28 July 2022, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, Semarang, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.27-7-2022.2342421

Tian, B., Wu, W., Yang, Z., & Zhou, Y. (2016). Drivers, trends, and potential impacts of long-term coastal reclamation in China from 1985 to 2010. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 170, 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.006

Wilke, M. (2023). Comparing Public Participation in Coastal and Marine Planning in the Arctic: Lessons from Iceland and Norway. Coasts, 3(4), 345–369. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts3040021

Wisha, U. J., Tanto, T. A., Pranowo, W. S., & Husrin, S. (2018). Current movement in Benoa Bay water, Bali, Indonesia: Pattern of tidal current changes simulated for the condition before, during, and after reclamation. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 18, 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2017.10.006

Wittesaele, C. R. A. (2021). Art, land reclamation and green governmentality in Indonesia: Teja Astawa’s Dewa Murka and Tita Salina’s 1001st Island — The Most Sustainable Island in Archipelago. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 52(2), 309–335. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463421000503

W.Soja, E. (2014). Six Discourses on the Postmetropolis.

Xu, C., Pu, L., Kong, F., & Li, B. (2021). Spatio-Temporal Change of Land Use in a Coastal Reclamation Area: A Complex Network Approach. Sustainability, 13(16), 8690. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168690

Zheng, Y., Cheng, L., & Wang, Y. (2022). Measuring the Spatial Conflict of Resource-Based Cities and Its Coupling Coordination Relationship with Land Use. Land, 11(9), 1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091460

Downloads

Published

2024-09-05

How to Cite

Nur, K., Butt, A., Ho, S., & Vahanvati, M. (2024). How Urbanization Drives Socio-Spatial Conflicts in Coastal Land Reclamation?. Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs, 8(2), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2024.v8n2-1

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.